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Single-Instruction Multiple-Data Execution

Christopher J. Hughes, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707239 [Christopher J. Hughes, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Single Instruction Multiple Data Execution

Описание книги:

Having hit power limitations to even more aggressive out-of-order execution in processor cores, many architects in the past decade have turned to single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) execution to increase single-threaded performance. SIMD execution, or having a single instruction drive execution of an identical operation on multiple data items, was already well established as a technique to efficiently exploit data parallelism. Furthermore, support for it was already included in many commodity processors. However, in the past decade, SIMD execution has seen a dramatic increase in the set of applications using it, which has motivated big improvements in hardware support in mainstream microprocessors.

The easiest way to provide a big performance boost to SIMD hardware is to make it wider— i.e., increase the number of data items hardware operates on simultaneously. Indeed, microprocessor vendors have done this. However, as we exploit more data parallelism in applications, certain challenges can negatively impact performance. In particular, conditional execution, noncontiguous memory accesses, and the presence of some dependences across data items are key roadblocks to achieving peak performance with SIMD execution.

This book first describes data parallelism, and why it is so common in popular applications. We then describe SIMD execution, and explain where its performance and energy benefits come from compared to other techniques to exploit parallelism. Finally, we describe SIMD hardware support in current commodity microprocessors. This includes both expected design tradeoffs, as well as unexpected ones, as we work to overcome challenges encountered when trying to map real software to SIMD execution.


The Paradigm Shift to Multimodality in Contemporary Computer Interfaces

Sharon Oviatt, Philip R. Cohen, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707171 [Sharon Oviatt, Philip R. Cohen, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] The Paradigm Shift to Multimodality in Contemporary Computer Interfaces

Описание книги:

During the last decade, cell phones with multimodal interfaces based on combined new media have become the dominant computer interface worldwide. Multimodal interfaces support mobility and expand the expressive power of human input to computers. They have shifted the fulcrum of human-computer interaction much closer to the human. This book explains the foundation of human-centered multimodal interaction and interface design, based on the cognitive and neurosciences, as well as the major benefits of multimodal interfaces for human cognition and performance. It describes the data-intensive methodologies used to envision, prototype, and evaluate new multimodal interfaces. From a system development viewpoint, this book outlines major approaches for multimodal signal processing, fusion, architectures, and techniques for robustly interpreting users' meaning. Multimodal interfaces have been commercialized extensively for field and mobile applications during the last decade. Research also is growing rapidly in areas like multimodal data analytics, affect recognition, accessible interfaces, embedded and robotic interfaces, machine learning and new hybrid processing approaches, and similar topics. The expansion of multimodal interfaces is part of the long-term evolution of more expressively powerful input to computers, a trend that will substantially improve support for human cognition and performance.


Learner-Centered Design of Computing Education

Mark Guzdial, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707091 [Mark Guzdial, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Learner Centered Design of Computing Education

Описание книги:

Computing education is in enormous demand. Many students (both children and adult) are realizing that they will need programming in the future. This book presents the argument that they are not all going to use programming in the same way and for the same purposes. What do we mean when we talk about teaching everyone to program? When we target a broad audience, should we have the same goals as computer science education for professional software developers? How do we design computing education that works for everyone? This book proposes use of a learner-centered design approach to create computing education for a broad audience. It considers several reasons for teaching computing to everyone and how the different reasons lead to different choices about learning goals and teaching methods. The book reviews the history of the idea that programming isn’t just for the professional software developer. It uses research studies on teaching computing in liberal arts programs, to graphic designers, to high school teachers, in order to explore the idea that computer science for everyone requires us to re-think how we teach and what we teach. The conclusion describes how we might create computing education for everyone.


User Experience Foundations

Nick de Voil, BCS Learning & Development Limited

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

57065147 [Nick de Voil, BCS Learning & Development Limited] User Experience Foundations

Описание книги:

Making user experience (UX) central to development of a product, service or system enhances customer satisfaction, resulting in higher conversion rates and a stronger brand presence.

This book provides a reasoned and authoritative description of what UX is, why it works and what tools and techniques are involved, in line with the BCS Foundation Certificate in User Experience, based on ISO 9241-210.


Analytical Performance Modeling for Computer Systems

Y.C. Tay, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55708803 [Y.C. Tay, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Analytical Performance Modeling for Computer Systems

Описание книги:

Engineering mechanics is one of the fundamental branches of science that is important in the education of professional engineers of any major. Most of the basic engineering courses, such as mechanics of materials, fluid and gas mechanics, machine design, mechatronics, acoustics, vibrations, etc. are based on engineering mechanics courses. In order to absorb the materials of engineering mechanics, it is not enough to consume just theoretical laws and theorems—a student also must develop an ability to solve practical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to solve many problems independently. This book is a part of a four-book series designed to supplement the engineering mechanics courses. This series instructs and applies the principles required to solve practical engineering problems in the following branches of mechanics: statics, kinematics, dynamics, and advanced kinetics. Each book contains between 6 and 8 topics on its specific branch and each topic features 30 problems to be assigned as homework, tests, and/or midterm/final exams with the consent of the instructor. A solution of one similar sample problem from each topic is provided.

This first book contains seven topics of statics, the branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of forces acting on construction systems without an acceleration (a state of the static equilibrium). The book targets the undergraduate students of the sophomore/junior level majoring in science and engineering.


Power-Efficient Computer Architectures

Margaret Martonosi, Magnus Själander, Stefanos Kaxiras, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707071 [Margaret Martonosi, Magnus Själander, Stefanos Kaxiras, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Power Efficient Computer Architectures

Описание книги:

As Moore's Law and Dennard scaling trends have slowed, the challenges of building high-performance computer architectures while maintaining acceptable power efficiency levels have heightened. Over the past ten years, architecture techniques for power efficiency have shifted from primarily focusing on module-level efficiencies, toward more holistic design styles based on parallelism and heterogeneity. This work highlights and synthesizes recent techniques and trends in power-efficient computer architecture.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Voltage and Frequency Management / Heterogeneity and Specialization / Communication and Memory Systems / Conclusions / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies


Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice

Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55708031 [Marco Brambilla, Jordi Cabot, Manuel Wimmer, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Model Driven Software Engineering in Practice

Описание книги:

This book discusses how model-based approaches can improve the daily practice of software professionals. This is known as Model-Driven Software Engineering (MDSE) or, simply, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE).

MDSE practices have proved to increase efficiency and effectiveness in software development, as demonstrated by various quantitative and qualitative studies. MDSE adoption in the software industry is foreseen to grow exponentially in the near future, e.g., due to the convergence of software development and business analysis.

The aim of this book is to provide you with an agile and flexible tool to introduce you to the MDSE world, thus allowing you to quickly understand its basic principles and techniques and to choose the right set of MDSE instruments for your needs so that you can start to benefit from MDSE right away.

The book is organized into two main parts.

The first part discusses the foundations of MDSE in terms of basic concepts (i.e., models and transformations), driving principles, application scenarios, and current standards, like the well-known MDA initiative proposed by OMG (Object Management Group) as well as the practices on how to integrate MDSE in existing development processes. The second part deals with the technical aspects of MDSE, spanning from the basics on when and how to build a domain-specific modeling language, to the description of Model-to-Text and Model-to-Model transformations, and the tools that support the management of MDSE projects. The second edition of the book features:

a set of completely new topics, including: full example of the creation of a new modeling language (IFML), discussion of modeling issues and approaches in specific domains, like business process modeling, user interaction modeling, and enterprise architecture complete revision of examples, figures, and text, for improving readability, understandability, and coherence better formulation of definitions, dependencies between concepts and ideas addition of a complete index of book content In addition to the contents of the book, more resources are provided on the book's website //www.mdse-book.com, including the examples presented in the book.


Designing for Gesture and Tangible Interaction

Mary Lou Maher, Lina Lee, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55708007 [Mary Lou Maher, Lina Lee, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Designing for Gesture and Tangible Interaction

Описание книги:

Interactive technology is increasingly integrated with physical objects that do not have a traditional keyboard and mouse style of interaction, and many do not even have a display. These objects require new approaches to interaction design, referred to as post-WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointer) or as embodied interaction design.

This book provides an overview of the design opportunities and issues associated with two embodied interaction modalities that allow us to leave the traditional keyboard behind: tangible and gesture interaction. We explore the issues in designing for this new age of interaction by highlighting the significance and contexts for these modalities. We explore the design of tangible interaction with a reconceptualization of the traditional keyboard as a Tangible Keyboard, and the design of interactive three-dimensional (3D) models as Tangible Models. We explore the design of gesture interaction through the design of gesture-base commands for a walk-up-and-use information display, and through the design of a gesture-based dialogue for the willful marionette. We conclude with design principles for tangible and gesture interaction and a call for research on the cognitive effects of these modalities.


Designed Technologies for Healthy Aging 

Claudia B. Rebola, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707035 [Claudia B. Rebola, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Designed Technologies for Healthy Aging 

Описание книги:

Designed Technologies for Healthy Aging identifies and presents a variety of contemporary technologies to support older adults’ abilities to perform everyday activities. Efforts of industry, laboratories, and learning institutions are documented under four major categories: social connections, independent self care, healthy home and active lifestyle.

The book contains well-documented and illustrative recent examples of designed technologies—ranging from wearable devices, to mobile applications, to assistive robots— on the broad areas of design and computation, including industrial design, interaction design, graphic design, human-computer interaction, software engineering, and artificial intelligence.

Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction / Social Connections / Independent Self Care / Healthy Home / Active Lifestyle / Conclusion / Contributors / Companies, Laboratories and Institutions / About the Author


Fieldwork for Healthcare

Svetlena Taneva, Rebecca Randell, Aisling Ann O’Kane, Dominic Furniss, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707027 [Svetlena Taneva, Rebecca Randell, Aisling Ann O’Kane, Dominic Furniss, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Fieldwork for Healthcare

Описание книги:

Conducting fieldwork for investigating technology use in healthcare is a challenging undertaking, and yet there is little in the way of community support and guidance for conducting these studies. There is a need for better knowledge sharing and resources to facilitate learning.

This is the second of two volumes designed as a collective graduate guidebook for conducting fieldwork in healthcare. This volume brings together thematic chapters that draw out issues and lessons learned from practical experience. Researchers who have first-hand experience of conducting healthcare fieldwork collaborated to write these chapters. This volume contains insights, tips, and tricks from studies in clinical and non-clinical environments, from hospital to home.

This volume starts with an introduction to the ethics and governance procedures a researcher might encounter when conducting fieldwork in this sensitive study area. Subsequent chapters address specific aspects of conducting situated healthcare research. Chapters on readying the researcher and relationships in the medical domain break down some of the complex social aspects of this type of research. They are followed by chapters on the practicalities of collecting data and implementing interventions, which focus on domain-specific issues that may arise. Finally, we close the volume by discussing the management of impact in healthcare fieldwork.

The guidance contained in these chapters enables new researchers to form their project plans and also their contingency plans in this complex and challenging domain. For more experienced researchers, it offers advice and support through familiar stories and experiences. For supervisors and teachers, it offers a source of reference and debate. Together with the first volume, Fieldwork for Healthcare: Case Studies Investigating Human Factors in Computing systems, these books provide a substantive resource on how to conduct fieldwork in healthcare.

Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Ethics, Governance, and Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare / Readying the Researcher for Fieldwork in Healthcare / Establishing and Maintaining Relationships in Healthcare Fields / Practicalities of Data Collection in Healthcare Fieldwork / Healthcare Intervention Studies “In the Wild” / Impact of Fieldwork in Healthcare: Understanding Impact on Researchers, Research, Practice, and Beyond / References / Biographies


Testing iOS Apps with HadoopUnit

Scott Tilley, Krissada Dechokul, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707023 [Scott Tilley, Krissada Dechokul, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Testing iOS Apps with HadoopUnit

Описание книги:

Smartphone users have come to expect high-quality apps. This has increased the importance of software testing in mobile software development. Unfortunately, testing apps—particularly the GUI—can be very time-consuming. Exercising every user interface element and verifying transitions between different views of the app under test quickly becomes problematic. For example, execution of iOS GUI test suites using Apple’s UI Automation framework can take an hour or more if the app’s interface is complicated. The longer it takes to run a test, the less frequently the test can be run, which in turn reduces software quality.

This book describes how to accelerate the testing process for iOS apps using HadoopUnit, a distributed test execution environment that leverages the parallelism inherent in the Hadoop platform. HadoopUnit was previously used to run unit and system tests in the cloud. It has been modified to perform GUI testing of iOS apps on a small-scale cluster—a modest computing infrastructure available to almost every developer.

Experimental results have shown that distributed test execution with HadoopUnit can significantly outperform the test execution on a single machine, even if the size of the cluster used for the execution is as small as two nodes. This means that the approach described in this book could be adopted without a huge investment in IT resources. HadoopUnit is a cost-effective solution for reducing lengthy test execution times of system-level GUI testing of iOS apps.


Contextual Design

Hugh Beyer, Karen Holtzblatt, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55707007 [Hugh  Beyer, Karen Holtzblatt, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] Contextual Design

Описание книги:

Contextual Design is a user-centered design process that uses in-depth field research to drive innovative design. Contextual Design was first invented in 1988 and has since been used in a wide variety of industries and taught in universities all over the world. It is a complete front-end design process rooted in Contextual Inquiry, the widespread, industry-standard field data gathering technique. Contextual Design adds techniques to analyze and present user data, drive ideation from data, design specific product solutions, and iterate those solutions with customers.

In 2013, we overhauled the method to account for the way that technology has radically changed people’s lives since the invention of the touchscreen phones and other always-on, always-connected, and always-carried devices. This book describes the new Contextual Design, evolved to help teams design for the way technology now fits into peoples’ lives. We briefly describe the steps of the latest version of Contextual Design and show how they create a continual immersion in the world of the user for the purpose of innovative product design.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Design for Life / Field Research: Data Collection and Interpretation / Consolidation and Ideation: The Bridge to Design / Detailed Design and Validation / Conclusion / References / Author Biographies


The Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory (EDC)

Ernesto G. Arias, Hal Eden, Gerhard Fischer, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55706943 [Ernesto G. Arias, Hal Eden, Gerhard Fischer, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] The Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory (EDC)

Описание книги:

he Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory (EDC) is a long-term research platform exploring immersive socio-technical environments in which stakeholders can collaboratively frame and solve problems and discuss and make decisions in a variety of application domains and different disciplines.


How We Cope with Digital Technology

Phil Turner, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

27 ноября, 2021

Книги

55705651 [Phil Turner, Morgan & Claypool Publishers] How We Cope with Digital Technology

Описание книги:

Digital technology has become a defining characteristic of modern life. Almost everyone uses it, we all rely on it, and many of us own a multitude of devices. What is more, we all expect to be able to use these technologies «straight out the box.» This lecture discusses how we are able to do this without apparent problems.

We are able to use digital technology because we have learned to cope with it. «To cope» is used in philosophy to mean «absorbed engagement,» that is, we use our smart phones and tablet computers with little or no conscious effort. In human-computer interaction this kind of use is more often described as intuitive. While this, of course, is testament to improved design, our interest in this lecture is in the human side of these interactions. We cope with technology because we are familiar with it.

We define familiarity as the readiness to engage with technology which arises from being repeatedly exposed to it—often from birth. This exposure involves the frequent use of it and seeing people all around us using it every day. Digital technology has become as common a feature of our everyday lives as the motor car, TV, credit card, cutlery, or a dozen other things which we also use without conscious deliberation. We will argue that we cope with digital technology in the same way as we do these other technologies by means of this everyday familiarity. But this is only half of the story. We also regularly support or scaffold our use of technology. These scaffolding activities are described as «epistemic actions» which we adopt to make it easier for us to accomplish our goals. With digital technology these epistemic actions include appropriating it to more closer meet our needs.

In summary, coping is a situated, embodied, and distributed description of how we use digital technology.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Familiarity / Coping / Epistemic Scaffolding / Coping in Context / Bibliography / Author Biography


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